Fighting Robots’ Increasing Presence on the Ground in Ukraine

In the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, drones have played a significant role in shaping the fighting. Both sides have utilized various types of drones, from cheap kamikaze models to long-range craft, to target enemy positions. However, ground robots, or Uncrewed Ground Vehicles (UGVs), have not been prominently featured in the conflict thus far.

UGVs have a long history, with the earliest model, the Soviet Teletank, used during the invasion of Finland in 1939. While UGVs have been used for bomb disposal since the 1970s, creating a remotely operated fighting machine has proven challenging. Navigation remains a key issue, as automated driving on the ground is difficult and leaves UGVs vulnerable to communication loss.

Despite the challenges, both Russia and Ukraine are beginning to incorporate UGVs into their military strategies. Russia recently used small, tracked robots armed with automatic grenade launchers in an attack on a Ukrainian defensive position, while Ukraine has deployed UGVs to attack bridges and positions in Russian-held territory.

Both countries are taking a DIY approach to UGVs, with volunteer-built and civilian-designed models being put into mass production. Ukraine, through the organization United24, is funding the production of inexpensive UGVs that could be deployed in large numbers to counter the numerical superiority of Russian forces.

Overall, the use of UGVs in the conflict marks a shift in military strategy, as both sides seek to limit casualties and increase combat effectiveness through the use of autonomous ground robots. As the conflict continues, the role of UGVs is likely to become more prominent on the battlefield.